guess who came to dinner

Today is sunday night, I’m having a pleasant dinner with my family and my good friend, Charles Darwin. We are all enjoying our meal with spaghetti and bacon. All of a sudden, the doorbell rings. Plato, Aristotle, Charles Lyell, Lamark,Ernst Mayr, Theodosius Dobzhansky. George Cuvier, James Hutton, Thomas Malthus, Gregor Mendel, Godfrey Hardy, Wilhelm Weinberg, Carolus Linnaeus., and Stephen Jay. I would love to invite all of them to my sunday dinner however I only have enough serves for 6 people. So I invite Plato,Aristotle, Lyell, Hutton, and Lamark to join my dinner, and invite the rest next week.

Yong: Wow! It’s really a great pleasure to have all of these great influential scientists and philosophers to joins my dinner today. Cheers!
Dad: yong, remember to brush your teeth right after dinner. Last time you give me a nightmare when open your mouth without brushing your teeth.
yong:  dad, a lady should learn how to drink red wine by now.
dad:  wine, not watermelon juice.
yong: …haha (changing topic) Darwin, let’s share you perspective on evolution  and your book, ORIGIN OF SPECIES with the rest of us.
Darwin: Of Course. The Origin Of Species focused biologist's attention on the great diversity of organisms- their origins and relationships, their similarities and differences, their geographic distribution, and their adaptation to surrounding environments.
Grandma: That seems interesting. How is the geographic distribution connect to evolution?
Hutton: Because evolution refers to all the changes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginning to the diversity that characterized it today. The change in the Earth's geographic can lead to the change in other organisms. It is also  possible to explain the various landforms by looking at mechanisms currently operating in the world.
Yong: ...Huh?
Dad: Yong!
Yong: sorry, Sir! I mean a  further explanation please. Perhaps an example or an theory?
Hutton:... for example, the canyons were formed by rivers cutting down through rocks and that sedimentary rocks with marine fossils were built of particles that had eroded from the land and been carried by river to the sea. The Earth’s geographic features can be explained by the theory of gradualism, which holds that profound change is the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes.
Lyell: Yes, however I incorporated Hutton’s gradualism theory into another theory known as uniformitarianism. I look it as that geographic processes have not changed throughout Earth’s history. ( take a peek at Yong, learned from Hutton’s lesson). For example, the forces that build mountains and erode mountains and the rate at which these forces operate are the same today as in the past.
Darwin: Exactly, I was strongly influenced by HUtton and Lyell’s conclusion.  According to Hutton’s idea, is the geographic change results from slow, continuous actions tather than a sudden events, then the Earth must be very old.
Yong: how old?
Darwin: For sure it’s older than 6,000 years. Second, a very slow and subtle processes persisting over  a long period of time can add up to substantial change. Understand better now, Yong?
Yong: For sure, yes.
Grandpa: I know that there were a number of philosophers had ideas about the gradual evolution of life. But the philosophers who influenced Western Culture the most were these two gentlemen here, right? Mr. Plato and your dear student, Mr. Aristotle?
Yong: wow! That’s very impressive. Let’s shared some of the views that you guys have for evolution.
Platio: I believe in two worlds. The real world that is ideal and eternal and an illusory world of imperfection that we perceive through our senses. Evolution would be counterproductive in a world where ideal organisms were already perfectly adapted to their environment.
Aristotle: I agree that species are permanently perfect however, they do not evolve. I believes that all living forms could be arranged on a scale of increasing complexity, which is also known as the scale of nature.
Grandpa: Oh, Mr. Lamark, you hasn’t opposed your view to evolution yet. You mind sharing your ideas to us?
Lamark: No problem sir. I believe in inheritance of acquired characteristics.  The modification an organisms acquired during its lifetime can be passed down to its offsprings, and continued from generation to generation.Which means A change in characteristics occurred due to the 'need' or 'desire' that an organism possessed For example, the long neck of the giraffe evolved gradually as the cumulative product of a great many generations of ancestors stretching even higher. In another word, If a Giraffe needed to reach to tall trees for food sources , they  would keep trying and stretching their necks until one day their necks are long enough to get food from the tall tress.  After they get their long necks, they would mate with other giraffe and pass the long neck trait to their offsprings. pass its long neck trait to its offspring.
Darwin: I disagree! It could be a mutation or natural selection due to the survival of fitness. Natural Selection occurs through an interaction between the environment and the variability inherent among the individual organisms making up the population. Using the giraffe example again, because the short neck giraffe will not be able to get food sources from the tall trees they cannot reach, and they will die of hunger. Due to survival of fitness, the population now only consists of the tallest giraffes. So the only remaining characteristic is for tall,so their offsprings will most likely to be tall.. This is  called gene fixation occurs in the characteristic for short, which means this characteristic is no longer in the gene pool and all the giraffes are subsequently tall.
When Darwin and Lamarck are arguing about each other's opinion toward evolution, the doorbell ring.
Yong: I’ll go open it.
Suprisely, an unexpectable guest appear..
Darwin:Why, hello! Mr.Carolus Linnaeus ! Come, come, drink a cup of wine first.
Yong: Thanks goodness, the argument stop.By the way, Darwin, would you mind introduce Mr. Linnaeus to us?
Darwin: Oh, yes. Mr. Linnaeus’s idea of taxonomy had a great involvment in my book, The Origin of Species. It became my focal point in my argument for evolution.
Yong: Why, Mr. Linnaeus, let’s share the idea of taxonomy with us.
Carolus Linnaeus: My pleasure. Taxonomy is the branch of biology concern with naming and classifying the diverse form of life. I developed the binomial system of naming organisms according to genus and species. I also adopted a system for grouping similar species into a hierarchy of increasingly general categories. For example, similar species are grouped in the same genus, similar genera are grouped in the same family.
Yong: Wow! That’s very impressive!

Dong! Dong! The clock for 12:00 finally ring, and this is end of our sunday dinner .

End. Guess Who Came To Dinner